Archives For November 30, 1999

OnlyOffice announced the new 7.5.0 release for its desktop editors office suite few days ago.

Like online version, the desktop app can now open PDF files and do basic editing operations, such as text annotating, form filling, commenting and drawing. While, collaborative editing is planned for the next release.

Another new feature in this release is automatic hyphenation support. It automatically detects syllable boundaries and inserts hyphens for words at the end of the text line.

Other features in OnlyOffice 7.5.0 include:

  • Beta screen reader support.
  • Interface scaling up to 500%.
  • Add ‘Open Recent’ option in each editor page.
  • Create new office files from local templates
  • Smart paragraph selection for Document editor.
  • Page breaks, SORTBY formula, support adding images to headers and footers for spreadsheets
  • Morph transition, SmartArts adding via sidebar placeholder for presentation editor

How to Install OnlyOffice Desktop Editors 7.5:

The office suite is available to install in Ubuntu Linux in 3 different package formats: Snap, Deb, and Flatpak. Choose either one that you prefer.

1. Snap

Snap is an universal package format that runs in sandbox. Ubuntu 20.04 and higher users can simply search for and install OnlyOffice as Snap from Ubuntu Software or App Center.

The snap automatically receive updates, though the package at the moment of writing is still at version 7.4.1.

ONLYOFFICE Snap in Ubuntu Software

2. Deb

Deb is the native package format for Debian/Ubuntu and their based Linux systems. OnlyOffice provides the .deb package along with RPM, EXE, MSI, and DMG packages for downloading at the github releases page:

Just select download the “onlyoffice-desktopeditors_amd64.deb” package, then click in file manager to open with “Software Install” and install it.

Or, press Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal, and run the command below to install the package you just downloaded (say it’s stored in your ‘Downloads’ folder):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/onlyoffice-desktopeditors_amd64.deb

3. Flatpak

Linux Mint 21 user may prefer the Flatpak package a bit more, since it’s available to install directly from the Software Manager.

It’s another universal package format runs in sandbox. Ubuntu user can install ONLYOFFICE Desktop Editors as Flatpak by following the steps below one by one:

First, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open a terminal window. When it opens, run command to install the Flatpak daemon:

sudo apt install flatpak

Then, install the office suite via:

flatpak install https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors.flatpakref

The Flatpak package is also in v7.4.1 at the moment of writing, use the command flatpak update org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors to update the package once new version published.

Uninstall ONLYOFFICE Desktop Editor

Depends on which package you installed, choose to run either command below in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) window to remove the office suite.

For the Snap package, remove it either via Ubuntu Software or by running the command below:

snap remove --purge onlyoffice-desktopeditors

For the native deb package, run command to remove it:

sudo apt remove onlyoffice-desktopeditors --autoremove

And to remove the package installed as Flatpak, run command:

flatpak uninstall --delete-data org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors

Also clear useless runtime libraries via flatpak uninstall --unused command.

The Desktop .iso image of Ubuntu 23.10 is finally available to download after a few days of delay!

Ubuntu 23.10, code-name Mantic Minotaur, was released on October 12. However, due to a malicious translation incident, the .iso image for the desktop edition was removed.

Now, the issue has been fixed. And, today could be the official release date, according to this announcement.

Ubuntu 23.10 is powered by Linux 6.5 and uses GNOME 45 as the default desktop environment. Core features include new app center, new firmware updater, TPM-backed full disk encryption, Raspberry Pi 5 support, new “Tiling Assistant” extension, and more. See my feature overview page for more.

Ubuntu 23.10 Desktop

Download Ubuntu 23.10

To download Ubuntu 23.10, you may either go to the official Ubuntu download page:

Or, use this Ubuntu 23.10 only download link.

For faster downloading speed, you can also choose an official download mirror that near to you.

For Ubuntu 23.04 users, the upgrade channel should be available soon. Just try launching “Software Updater” and install all available updates, then, re-launch with update-manager -c to tell to check if a new distribution release is available.

Python 3.12.0 final was officially announced this Monday! Ubuntu LTS can easily install it from PPA.

New features in Python 3.12.0:

  • More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed.
  • Python-level API for the buffer protocol
  • New API for monitoring Python programs running on CPython at low cost.
  • Per-Interpreter Global Interpreter Locks
  • Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces.
  • New type annotation syntax for generic classes
  • New decorator typing.override() in the typing module.

The new Python release also removed a few deprecated modules, including smtpd and distutils. For Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 20.04, it causes a broken pip. As a workaround, you need to manually install pip for Python 3.12.

How to Install Python 3.12.0 in Ubuntu:

For Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 20.04, and their derivatives such as Linux Mint 21, the Deadsnakes PPA has made the packages for all supported CPU architecture types: amd64, arm64/armhf, ppc64el, and s390x.

1. First, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open terminal. Then paste the command below and hit run to add PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

Type user password (no asterisk feedback) when it asks and hit Enter to continue.

2. Ubuntu 20.04+ automatically refresh package cache while adding PPA. However, Linux Mint user may need to do this job manually by running command:

sudo apt update

3. Finally, run command to install Python 3.12:

sudo apt install python3.12

For other Ubuntu editions, you may manually compile Python 3.12 from source tarball.

Auto-cpufreq, automatic CPU speed & power optimizer, now is at version 2.0.0 release!

This is a popular free open-source tool that monitors Linux laptop’s battery state, CPU usage, temperature and system load. And, automatically switches CPU profile between “power saving” and “performance mode” according to whether power supply is plugged. It also automatically turn on/off CPU turbo boost according to system load.

By releasing 2.0.0 version, it has a graphical GTK3 user interface, making the things easy for beginners! As well, it now has Nix Flake and better NixOS support

Auto-cpufreq graphical interface.

How to Install Auto-CpuFreq in Ubuntu Linux

NOTE 1: In Ubuntu with default GNOME desktop, there’s already an extension can do similar job. So, you may only need this on Ubuntu flavors such as XUbuntu, Ubuntu MATE, KUbuntu, etc.

NOTE  2: Ubuntu Software (or App Center) includes auto-cpurfreq package, though it’s Snap package that so far does not support GUI, due to sandbox permission issue.

NOTE 3: Installing auto-cpufreq in GNOME Desktop will disable the default power profile daemon.

1. First, download the source code (ZIP or Tar.gz) from github releases page:

2. After downloading the source, open your “Downloads” folder and extract the tarball. Then, right-click on extracted folder and select “Open in Terminal“.

3. In pop-up terminal window, run command to start the official installer, and answer “i” to start installing the tool.

sudo ./auto-cpufreq-installer

It will automatically install auto-cpufreq as well as download and installing all required dependencies on your system. If everything goes OK, you’ll be able to launch it from applications menu or ‘Activities’ overview.

And, first launch will prompt to click install and run the daemon. Just click ‘Install’ and re-launch the tool. Finally, you should be able to see the main UI like the top screenshot shows you.

Then, just leave it there to automatically change power profile depends on power state and CPU load. Or, you can manually switch to Power-save or Performance as you need.

Uninstall Auto-CPUFreq

To remove the tool, simply re-run the previous steps, but answer ‘r‘ while running the installer script in terminal window.

Ubuntu 23.10, code name “Mantic Minotaur”, is in Beta stage now!

The Ubuntu team announced the release today on Sep 22:

This Beta release includes images from not only the Ubuntu Desktop, Server, and Cloud products, but also the Edubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Cinnamon, Ubuntu Kylin, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Unity, and Xubuntu flavours.

Ubuntu 23.10 features GNOME Desktop 45, Kernel 6.5, and some other exciting new features!

They include a new App Center based on Google’s Flutter toolkit. Compare to the previous Ubuntu Software, it’s fast and just works!

New App Center

The release also features a new firmware updater, for users who are running Ubuntu on real machine. The features also include TPM based full disk encryption, workspace indicator in top-left, Super + S shortcut to open Quick Settings, new Tiling Assistant extension.

The Ubuntu installer now defaults to the ‘Minimal’ installation, though the previous “Full” installation is still available for choice.
Other changes include:

  • Polished ‘Files’ and Settings pages.
  • Use deb822 .sources files for PPA.
  • Network manager now uses Netplan as it’s default settings storage backend
  • Enable Wayland by default for Firefox.
  • New package for the old classic font, that is default in Ubuntu 22.04 and earlier.
  • Drag and drop saving web image into file.
  • Default wallpaper now has dark variant.
  • Firefox 117, Thunderbird 115, LibreOffice 7.6.

Toolkit updates:

  • GCC 13.2.0, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.38.
  • Python 3.11.5 (3.12 rc in the archive), Perl, 5.36.0, LLVM 16 (17 is available in the archive), rustc 1.71.
  • OpenJDK 17, OpenJDK 21, .NET 7, golang 1.21.

For more about Ubuntu 23.10, see the official release note.

Get Ubuntu 23.10

Ubuntu 23.10 final is planned for October 12. The current Beta as well as final release is available to download at the link below:

For other download links and upgrade channel, see the official announcement.

HPLIP, HP developed Linux driver for its inkjet and laser printers, now is at version 3.23.8!

The official .run installer now supports for OpenSuse 15.5, Fedora 38, and Ubuntu 23.04.

There are as well many new HP printers support in the release. They include:

  • HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 4301dwe, 4301fdne, 4301fdwe, 4301cdwe, 4301cfdne, 4301cfdwe.
  • HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 4302dwe, 4302fdne, 4302fdwe, 4302cdwe, 4302fdn, 4302fdw.
  • HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 4303dw, 4303fdn, 4303fdw, 4303cdw, 4303cfdn, 4303cfdw.
  • HP Color LaserJet Pro 4201dne, 4201dwe, 4201cdne, 4201cdwe.
  • HP Color LaserJet Pro 4202dne, 4202dwe, 4202dn, 4202dw.
  • HP Color LaserJet Pro 4203dn, 4203dw, 4203cdn, 4203cdw.
  • HP DeskJet 2800, 2800e All-in-One Printer series
  • HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 2800 All-in-One Printer series
  • HP DeskJet 4200, 4200e All-in-One Printer series
  • HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4200 All-in-One Printer series
  • HP DeskJet Ink Advantage Ultra 4900 All-in-One Printer series

The release also has 2 known issues. They are:

  • 1. USB print feature is not working properly with FW version 6.17.X.X for HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 4303 devices
  • 2. An I/O error is observed when attempting to add a HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 4303series device via wireless option.

How to Install HPLIP 3.23.8 in Ubuntu Linux

HPLIP offers official .run installer available to download at the link below:

Once you downloaded the file, right-click on blank area in ‘Downloads’ folder and select “Open in Terminal“.


When terminal opens, run the commands below one by one:

  • Add executable permission for the file:
    chmod u+x hplip-3.23.8.run
  • Run the file, follow the on-screen prompt and answer some questions:
    ./hplip-3.23.8.run

Until the command done without errors, you can plug or re-plug your HP printer for the new driver to work.

NOTE: The .run installer so far does not support Ubuntu 23.10! But, after running the previous commands, it generated the source folder in user ‘Downloads’ folder. Right-click on that folder and select ‘Open in Terminal’, then 23.10 user can try running the commands below one by one to build from source:

Install build dependencies:

sudo apt install --assume-yes libcups2-dev libdbus-1-dev build-essential ghostscript openssl libjpeg-dev libsnmp-dev libtool-bin libusb-1.0-0-dev wget python3-pil policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome python3-pyqt5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python-gi-dev python3-dev python3-notify2 python3 python3-reportlab libsane-dev xsane libavahi-client-dev libavahi-core-dev avahi-utils

Configure, make & install:

./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-qt5 --disable-qt4
make -j4
sudo make install

Uninstall HPLIP 3.23.8

As mentioned above, running the installer will create a source folder in user ‘Downloads’ folder.

Right-click on that folder and select “Open in Terminal”.

Then run the uninstall script in pop-up terminal window to remove HPLIP:

sudo ./uninstall.py

Celluloid, formerly GNOME MPV, released version 0.26 yesterday.

Celluloid is a free open-source video player uses mpv as backend, and is default in Linux Mint 21 Cinnamon. Since v0.24, it’s been ported to GTK4 and Libadwaita that looks native in modern GNOME desktop environment.

In the new 0.26 release, the ‘About‘ and ‘Preferences‘ dialog are also ported to LibAdwaita to follow GNOME’s step. Which, is adaptive to fit different screen sizes.

The ‘Toggle Playlist‘ option has been removed from the ‘≡’ menu. Instead, it added a new button in bottom right to show/hide the playlist. Though, it has wrong tooltip shows ‘Toggle Fullscreen’.

Other changes in Celluloid 0.26 include:

  • Remove media keys support, since it already uses MPRIS.
  • Remove support for X11 window embedding, since it doesn’t work with GTK4.
  • Fix header bar auto-hiding even when a menu is open.
  • Mark “Extra mpv options” for translation
  • Remove --mpv-options
  • Remove ‘vo‘ from the list of default options.
  • Take screenshots in .PNG file format instead of the previous .jpg.
  • Remove the old GSettings schema file (io.github.GnomeMpv.gschema.xml).
  • Export the Position property
  • Sync translations from Weblate

How to install Celluloid 0.26 in Ubuntu

The video player has an official Ubuntu PPA. Due to updated LibAdwaita library requirement, the new 0.26 release is available in the PPA for Ubuntu 23.04 and Ubuntu 23.10. While 22.04 stuck at v0.24.

1. Firstly, press Ctrl + Alt + T on keyboard to open terminal. When it opens, run the command below to add the official PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xuzhen666/gnome-mpv

Type user password (no asterisk feedback) when it asks and hit Enter to continue

2. Then either use “Software Updater” (or Update Manager) to update the player if stock version was installed.

Or, run the command below to install/upgrade the app:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install celluloid

For Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 22.04 users who want to try the latest 0.26 release, just search for and install the Snap package from Ubuntu Software. Though, it runs in sandbox.

Uninstall:

To uninstall the celluloid video player, just run the command below in terminal:

sudo apt remove --autoremove celluloid

Also remove the Ubuntu PPA by running command:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:xuzhen666/gnome-mpv

For the snap package, uninstall it either via Ubuntu Software or by running command:

snap remove celluloid

An Overview of New Features in Ubuntu 23.10

Last updated: October 18, 2023 — 1 Comment

Ubuntu 23.10, code-name “Mantic Minotaur”, has reached Beta stage. See what’s new in the upcoming release of the popular Linux Distribution.

Ubuntu 23.10 will use Linux Kernel 6.5, and GNOME Desktop v45.

New App Center

Ubuntu Software, aka the previous GNOME Software and current Snap Store, is really painful! It does NOT work quite often in my case.

It’s always stuck at either “Downloading Software catalog“, or the spinning loading circle.

Now, in Ubuntu 23.10, the new Google Flutter based App Center is in the place for installing/updating applications.

New App Center

Personally, I really like the new ‘App Center’. It’s fast, and just works!

The only issue so far in the development build is that it support Snap packages only… It now supports both Snap and classic .deb package since Beta.

New Firmware Updater app

Ubuntu 23.10 also introduced a new “Firmware Updater” application, that is available out-of-the-box.

With it, user can update hardware firmware as easy as few mouse clicks.

TPM-backed Full Disk Encryption

Ubuntu 23.10 adds experimental support for TPM based full disk encryption. Meaning passphrases will be no longer needed on supported platforms, and that the secret used to decrypt the encrypted data will be protected by a TPM and recovered automatically only by early boot software that is authorised to access the data. See HERE for more about it.

GNOME 45

GNOME 45, developed by another group of people, is the default desktop environment in Ubuntu 23.10.

Features in GNOME 45, include new ‘workspace indicator’ in top-left to replace ‘Activities’ button, removal of current app menu in top-bar.

The top-right corner system status menu, aka Quick Settings, can now be opened/closed via Super (Windows logo key) + S shortcut key. And, it supports for toggle keyboard backlight with a flat button.

Super + S to open Quick Settings

The ‘Files’ (Nautilus File Manager) and Settings (Gnome Control Center) has been redesigned to look even more modern. To follow the steps in GNOME 44, it also redesigned the ‘About’ and ‘Privacy’ pages.

In the release of Ubuntu Desktop, it also introduced a new system extension called “Ubuntu Tiling Assistant“. It features “Tiling pop-up” and “Tiling Groups”, and allows to tile window to half or quarter screen size, either by dragging or keyboard shortcuts.

Other Gnome desktop changes include:

  • Camera usage indicator, but not work for Cheese.
  • Drag’n’drop to save web image to file.
  • New ‘keyboard’ option in top-right system menu to toggle keyboard backlight
  • New default wallpaper with dark variant.

Default to “Minimal” installation

Don’t know why (probably due to Snap), but Ubuntu’s .iso image is getting bigger and bigger in recent releases. The 64-bit Ubuntu 18.04 image is only 2.3G, while 22.04 & 23.04 now take about 4.6G.

To lose weight, Ubuntu Team proposed to drop some applications from the default install, by introducing new “Default” option.

The change does not apply to Ubuntu 23.10, instead, the Ubuntu installer choose “Minimal” installation by default. It’s still called “Default Installation”, but excludes many applications, such as LibreOffice, Thunderbird. Though, the old default “Full” installation is still available for choice.

Other Changes

Ubuntu PPA now uses deb822 .sources files instead of the classic .list files in ‘/etc/apt/sources.list.d’. And, it includes the key code directly in the source file instead of saving as a separated file.

The network manager now uses Netplan as it’s default settings storage backend. All the config files are located in /etc/netplan now.

The pre-installed Firefox now uses Wayland by default instead of XWayland, which has better touchpad / touch-screen user experience.

New fonts-ubuntu-classic package for those who prefer system font in Ubuntu earlier than 23.04.

For more about Ubuntu 23.10, see the official release note, though it’s not finished yet.

Ksnip, the popular free open-source screenshot and annotation tool, released 1.10.1 version yesterday.

Ksnip is a Qt based screenshot tool with editing features, that works in Windows, macOS, and Linux on both Wayland and Xorg. It’s one of my top favorite applications for adding annotations in screenshot.

The app just released version 1.10.1 one day ago as the first point release for the 1.10 release series. It’s a small release with a new feature: KDE support for scale factor. Meaning it’s now working better in KDE desktop (such as KUbuntu, Ubuntu Studio) with different scaling factor.

Other changes include:

  • Fix drag and drop issue for Ksnip installed as Snap.
  • Fix sticker resizing issue when bounding rect flipped.
  • Show tab tooltips on initial tabs.
  • Fix for unnecessary scrollbars when a screenshot has a smaller size than the previous one
  • Fix that loading image from stdin single instance client runner side doesn’t work

How to Install KSnip 1.10.1 in Ubuntu / Linux Mint

Option 1: Snap package

The easiest way to install the tool in Ubuntu is using the official Snap packages. Simply open Ubuntu Software, then you can search for and install it via few clicks.

Install Ksnip via Ubuntu Software

Option 2: AppImage / Deb

The software project page also provides AppImage and Deb packages, as well as Windows and Mac OS packages for download under ‘Assets’ section:

For most Linux, you may download the non-install AppImage package, make it executable via right-click menu “Properties” dialog -> “Permissions” tab, and finally click run the package to launch it.

For Debian and Ubuntu based system, download the .deb package and install it by running command in terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/ksnip-*.deb

NOTE for Ubuntu 22.04, double-click installing this local deb via “Software Install” option may not work properly. It refers to the Snap package, rather than installing the local package.

Option 3: Ubuntu PPA (unofficial)

For those prefer Ubuntu PPA, here’s an unofficial repository with Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 22.10 and Ubuntu 23.04 support.

Simply press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open terminal, and run the commands below one by one will add the PPA and install the screenshot tool from it.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/ksnip
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ksnip libkimageannotator0 libkcolorpicker0

Install the OCR plugin:

The OCR plugin is available to install as a separate package. It’s available to download at the link below:

Click to expand the ‘Assets‘ section, download & install the .deb package for Debian and Ubuntu based system.

Uninstall Ksnip

For the snap package, simply click ‘uninstall’ button in Ubuntu Software.

For deb package, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard and run the command below to remove it:

sudo apt remove --autoremove ksnip libkimageannotator0

And, remove the Ubuntu PPA (if added) by running command:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/ksnip

The free open-source Inkscape vector graphics editor got a new maintenance release for the 1.2 series.

The is the second update for Inkscape 1.2, which finally makes OpenClipart import available for Windows and Linux user using AppImage. And, Color extensions works on patterns again.

For macOS, spellchecking finally works and undo/redo options are back in the menu. For Linux, the snap package is no longer possible to install with --classic option. Meaning the snap won’t be able to access data outside of user’s home directory.

Other changes in Inkscape 1.2.2 include:

  • no longer freezes when rotating objects with snapping activated under certain conditions
  • Dithering now disabled by default due to performance loss.
  • Several fixes to the DXF14 export
  • TIFF export now supports transparency
  • DPI attribute is preserved for JPG and TIFF raster export
  • Correct PNG file permission in Linux.
  • Measure tool now indicates correct positions and sizes for shapes

There are as well various other bug-fixes and improvements, see the release note for details.

How to Install Inkscape 1.2.2 in Ubuntu & other Linux

Inkscape website offers official Windows, macOS, Linux, and source tarball, available to download at the link below:

For Linux, it’s available to install via AppImage, Snap, and deb (through PPA), and Flatpak.

Option 1: Snap

Snap is an universal package that runs in sandbox. Ubuntu 20.04 and higher can simply search for and install Inkscape as Snap from Ubuntu Software:

Install inkscape as Snap from Ubuntu Software

Option 2: AppImage

AppImage is a portable package works in most Linux. No installation required, just grab the package (via link above), enable ‘Allow executing file as program‘ in file Properties dialog. Finally, click Run the package to launch the editor.

Option 3: Ubuntu PPA

For the native .deb package, it has an official stable PPA contains the latest package for Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 22.04, and Ubuntu 22.10.  Not only for modern 64-bit OS, the PPA now also supports for arm64/armhf architecture types.

1. First, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open terminal. When it opens, run command to add the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable

Type user password (no asterisk feedback) when it asks and hit Enter to continue.

2. Then either install the image editor as native .deb package via:

sudo apt install inkscape

NOTE: Linux Mint user need to refresh package cache via sudo apt update first.

Or use ‘Software Updater’ to upgrade from an old version:

Option 4: Flatpak

Flatpak is another universal package format that runs in sandbox. Different to previous package formats, Inkscape as Flatpak is maintained by the open-source community.

Ubuntu 20.04 and higher and follow the steps below to install Inkscape as Flatpak package:

  • 1. First, open terminal and install Flatpak daemon via command:
    sudo apt install flatpak
  • 2. Then install Inkscape as Flatpak using command:
    flatpak install https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.inkscape.Inkscape.flatpakref

Uninstall Inkscape:

Depends on which package you installed, choose from the methods below:

  • For Snap package, remove it from Ubuntu Software.
  • For AppImage, just remove the package file.
  • To remove the Inkscape PPA, open terminal and run command:
    sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:inkscape.dev/stable

    Also remove the editor if you want via command:

    sudo apt remove --autoremove inkscape
  • For the Flatpak package, use command:
    flatpak uninstall --delete-data org.inkscape.Inkscape

    And run flatpak uninstall –unused to remove useless runtime libraries.